Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness” Essay

When Marlow talks of London being a dark place, the theme of civilization versus savagery comes into play. Marlow’s aunt believes he is an emissary of light, being sent into the darkness. Marlow sees this darkness through the placing of heads on poles, for a man named Kurtz. All of this makes Marlow change his inner feelings of himself, which relates to the theme of the journey of the inner self. Marlow talks of when the Romans first came to Britain, and how they had actually brought some light into the somberness of London, and how one day that light may disappear. This relates to the theme of dark and light. As Marlow tells of his voyage deeper into the unknown, his capacity for self-control is tested. Kurtz seems to inhabit his every thought. While this is happening, the theme of a journey into the inner self is seen again. There are certain patterns in â€Å"Heart of Darkness†; one of these is the theme of â€Å"threes†. There are three chapters, three women, three times Marlow breaks the story, three stations, three central characters and three views of Africa. Marlow indirectly suggests by referring to the Roman conquest, that the theme of colonialism has existed since the earliest times of human history. Colonialism is seen as one of the major themes in the book. When Marlow talks of London once being a dark place, the theme of civilization versus savagery comes into play. The book implies that civilizations are created by the setting of laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. London itself is seen as a symbol of enlightenment. We see this through Marlow and how he tells his crew that the Romans had brought a light into the darkness of Britain. Marlow and Kurtz are two antithetical examples of humanity. Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own desires, without a  protective, civilized society. Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by his â€Å"heart of darkness†. The book implies that every man has a â€Å"heart of darkness† that is usually drowned out by the light of civilization. However, when a man is removed from a civilized environment, the basic instinct of savagery must be unleashed. Savagery is linked to darkness, and in most parts of the book, we see Marlow  as the light in this darkness. Marlow’s aunt believes he is an emissary of light, being sent into the darkness. Marlow sees the darkness through the placing of heads on poles, for a man named Kurtz. All of this makes Marlow change his inner feelings about himself, which relates to the theme of the journey of the inner self. Through Marlow, the book creates a voyage of self-discovery. All of Marlow’s experiences point to a change him. The thoughts about the people he meets, and their behavior, slowly begins to change. Marlow’s trip from Europe to the outer, then central station tests his capacity to discriminate between good and evil, since he witnesses actions which directly ask him for a moral judgment, such as brutal beating of the native worker. Marlow’s detailed account of what he sees, shows his compassion. Conrad suggests that those who are unable of controlling their unconscious side, run the risk of losing control the their heart of darkness. Marlow talks of when the Romans first came to Britain, and how they brought light into the somberness of London. He also tells them that one day that light may disappear. This relates to the theme of dark and light. In â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, there is an obvious contrast between what is light and what is dark. Light seems to represent civilization, or the civilized side of humanity whilst dark represents the uncivilized or savage side of humanity. In this book, dark and light or black and white, have the same usual connotations of good and evil. According to Christianity, in  the beginning, everything was dark. The same thing applies to London before the Romans came. At the same time, Africa was considered â€Å"dark†, as most of it had not yet been discovered. However, as Marlow’s journey progresses, it appears that dark and light are used counter intuitively. Darkness refers to truth and light refers to falsehood. In Marlow’s interview with the Intended, the windows of the room, which are normally a source of light, are covered and let in little to no light at all, as in a mortuary. The â€Å"cold and monumental whiteness† of the fireplace adds to the deathlike atmosphere. This shows that Conrad had used dark and light inversely. We could assume that the dark could represent the unknown. As Marlow talks of his voyage deeper into this unknown, his capacity for self-control is tested. Kurtz seems to inhabit his every thought. While this is happening, the theme of a journey into the self and the unconsciousness is seen again. Marlow’s story clearly implies that the kind of world men make for themselves, and for others, results from the character of individual behavior. Kurtz appears to be stuck inside Marlow’s head. Every thought is focused in this man he has never met. Kurtz wins control of men through fear. His power over the natives almost destroys Marlow. Kurtz is actually a victim of the manager’s murderous cruelty. It is possible that Kurtz might never have revealed his evil nature, had he not been tortured by the manager. Marlow struggles with himself, the person he thought he was turns out to be a nobody. Marlow sees the â€Å"real† person he is, and fears himself. After seeing the Kurtz, Marlow realizes how much like Kurtz he has become and regains control from his heart of darkness. There are patterns noticeable in this book. One of these is the theme of â€Å"threes†. There are three chapters, three times Marlow breaks the story, three stations, three women, three central characters and three views of Africa. The three stations are the inner station, the central station  and the outer station. These are symbolic of the stages in Marlow’s journey of self-discovery. The inner station is the first station he goes to. Here, he sees how the natives are treated, and gets a glimpse of the things he may have to face in his future travels. He reaches the central station, and discovers that Kurtz may not be the man he first heard of. He was told that Kurtz was this wonderful man, who had plenty of power. Now, Marlow is beginning to see in his mind, someone that has followed his own ideas, and doesn’t care about anyone else. He struggles within himself to see if he is like this man. At first, he dismisses the idea that he could ever be that  kind of person, but soon after, he changes his opinion. The outer station is where Kurtz is finally reached. Conrad also uses imperialism as a major theme in the book. Marlow indirectly suggests by referring to the Roman conquest over Britain, that the theme of imperialism has existed since early human history. As Marlow tells his story, a different narrator, who is also a member on the ship they are traveling on, sees the Roman invaders to be like the English conquerors. He expresses that they were both â€Å"hunters for gold and pursuers of fame†. He does not understand that without the Roman invasion, Britain may have remained a dark country. Through Marlow’s tale of truth, pain, anxiety and the quest for complete knowledge, the major themes are revealed. Colonialism, the journey of the inner-self, the theme of â€Å"threes†, dark and light and civilization versus savagery. All of these themes lead to the understanding that Marlow’s voyage into the deepness of the Congo, is symbolic of the journey he had to take into the deepest side of himself. He successfully battled with his savage side, and came out a changed man. It just shows that no matter hoe perfect something seems to be, there is always a heart of darkness deep within somewhere.

The Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution has many significant factors, and events, but there we're three main ones that stood out more than the other ones. The three events or factors were The Test Act, William and Mary, and James II .In this essay I will go more in depth into the three significant factors or events. One of the factors is The Test Act. The Test Act is a law that was passed by Parliament that made it to where it was required an oath of protest loyalists to prevent Catholics from holding public office. Parliament thought of this law because Cromwell was able to just take it away because he was a military leader. So they didn't want the kings to be able to just come in and get rid of them again like Cromwell did. Another event that happened is bringing in William and Mary. The Tories and the Whigs invited them to come overthrow James II. They felt as that they needed a protestant as a king and because they didn't feel that James II was doing what he should do as king. William and Marry brought 14,000 soldiers because they thought that they would have to get into a war to get James II out of the office. They also wanted to keep the Church of England for their Protestantism. The last factor was James II. He was a factor of the Glorious Revolution because he was catholic and Parliament wanted and Protestant king because a catholic was trying to get rid of all the things Protestantism has done. So they plan to overthrow James II with Protestants. He also tried to make England back catholic and he passed laws that go against the Parliament. So parliament decided to get rid of James II. In conclusion the Glorious Revolution has many different factors and events. In this essay I told you all the most significant three that I think is the most important. The Test Act, William and Mary, James II. This is my essay on the Glorious Revolution. The Glorious Revolution Francisco Saravia-Jimenez2012-11-HIS-101-OL011: Western Civilization I What did the â€Å"Glorious Revolution† that took place in England in 1688 achieve, and why is it referred to as â€Å"glorious†? The Glorious Revolution of 1688 involved the overthrow of King James II from the throne of England. James, throughout his short reign, attempted to catholicize the army and government by getting his supporters into Parliament. When James had a son, England united against the prospect of a Catholic dynasty and sought help from William of Orange.William arrived in England in November of 1688 and marched unopposed all the way to London. James fled to France and after he was denounced by Parliament, William of Orange was offered the throne if he would accept limitations on his powers. He accepted. One of the most amazing things about the Glorious Revolution was the ability  of political opposition, such as the Tories and the Whigs, to come together under a common cause. Such widespread unity throughout a nation had never been seen and it set the table for a peaceful takeover of a dictator.There were many achievements in the Glorious Revolution. Firstly, as previously mentioned, it was one of the first times an overthrow of a government required no blood to be shed. Also, it helped to issue in the Bill of Rights, which redefined the relationship between the monarch and the subjects. The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in history. It guaranteed the freedom of speech, the freedom of elections, parliamentary approval of taxation and the right to petition.Additionally it dismissed cruel and unusual punishment, standing armies and the monarch's ability to suspend law whenever he or she pleased. It also stated that no Catholic could succeed to the throne of England, thus eliminating the possibility of a Roman Catholic dynasty. The Claim of Right was issued in Scotland in 1689 and was basically the same document as the Bill of Rights. The Mutiny Act, which limited royal use of martial law to one year, was also put in place in 1689.The Toleration Act was issued as well, and it gave freedom of worship to Dissenters. Overall, the Glorious Revolution was significant in many ways. It established  one of the first  Constitutional Monarchies by extending the power of the Parliament. In doing so, the power of the monarchy was severely limited. It marked a milestone, in which practical power shifted from the monarchy to the Parliament. That power that the Parliament had gained from the Glorious Revolution was never successfully challenged again.

W7 discusion Mareting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W7 discusion Mareting - Essay Example This point is highly justified in the sense that no shareholder wants to invest where there is no patronage to bring about profitability. Meanwhile, the current global market is so competitive that customers are highly selective of the organizations or companies they would do business with. Because of this, the need for creating competitive advantage that targets customer participation is very important. Meanwhile, Cooperrider, Whitney, Stravos and Fry (2008) in a recent study showed that because of the similarities that exists in classical modules of competitive advantage such as the emphasis on cost and quality, customers have started looking for something more than cost and quality, being assured that these two are likely to be found wherever they turn. In their new search, customers seem to have come to appreciate the place of customer satisfaction in selecting where to do business. Companies therefore have to have very high customer satisfaction scores in order to gain competitive advantage in the modern market. By gaining competitive advantage to, a company can be assured of highly profitability as it means cust omers will bring in more revenue through their patronage of services (Campbell, Whitehead and Finkelstein,

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Therefore, it was easy to divide up our Team based report and get the task done. During group meetings, I feel that I played a vital role in getting the task started and allocating what each member should be researching. The next state is performing. In this particular situation, I felt that this was the hardest stage as I do not mind doing research and writing assignments but I definitely do not like oral presentations. My other group members were already aware of this and therefore we decided to practice together until I felt comfortable. I think that this shows my group was very in tune with each others strength and weaknesses and I was grateful that they helped me. In the end, I felt that my group all made a sufficient contribution, executed our presentation well and I was quite happy with our grade. The last stage, adjourning, is not relevant to my group as we have continuing relationships. There were many class activities that my group worked on together. After the formation of our group, we completed an activity within the group that required us to separately answer questions in relation to how we should communicate, how often we should meet, how we should deal with conflict and what grade we were aiming for. When discussing our answers as a group, I hold back a little bit from the beginning and ultimately I felt comfortable to answer truthfully throughout the rest of the class. I feel this is because I was confident afterwards that my group member’s answers would not differ significantly from mine. We generally agreed on our answer, this did not surprise me as we have worked on past assignments together in the past and know each other very well. When considering my past behavior, I know that if I had been in a group with people I did not... The author of the essay "Organisational Behaviour" mentions that there are many theories which describe the elements which effective groups require. One particular theory by Dorothy Marcic was relevant to my group and also my own personal behavior. This theory includes the group elements of participation, influence, styles of influence, decision making procedure, motivation, task functions, maintenance functions, group atmosphere and membership. According to Bloisi (2007), â€Å"Motivation is defined as the conscious decision to put more effort into one activity than another for whatever reason†. Motivation puts each team member into action to accomplish goals, has increased level of efficiency within the team work and built friendly relationship. Through each of these elements as stated above, I feel that I played an important role to my group. In relation to participation, I think that my participation within the group was high as I talk openly with all members and attended almost all of our group meetings. However, at times I have quiet moment when I do not really contribute much. This has no relation to my group, it is purely related to my mood and I was concerned how my group members perceived me during these moments. In the end the author concludes: "By completing this team based case study, I was able to learn more about my behavior in group situations. Although, I have done many team based assignments before, this particular task pushed me to look more in depth into my own behavior.".

Employment law Uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment law Uk - Essay Example Under that subsection once the employer has shown that the reason for dismissal was redundancy the determination of the question whether the dismissal is fair or unfair is determined by the Tribunal and takes into account whether in the circumstances (including the size and administrative resources of the employer's undertaking) the employer acted reasonably or unreasonably in treating it as a sufficient reason for dismissing the employee in accordance with equity and the substantial merits of the case. Following the business reorganisation in March 2005 L claimed it genuinely needed to make 3 members of staff redundant. The employer merely has to show that there is a good business reason for the reorganisation and that it will result in a strengthening of the business: Hollister v National Farmers' Union [1979]. Although this case falls under the 'other substantial reason' head the fact that the National Farmers' Union (NFU) reorganised its insurance business to benefit the running of the business was held to be a 'good business reason' to dismiss an employee who would not accept the variation in his contract terms. "it is possible for an employer to use such a situation as a pretext for getting rid of an employee he wishes to dismiss. It is for the tribunal in each case to see whether on all the evidence, the employer has shown them what was the reason for dismissal." L has admitted that M was dismissed due to her sickness record, and not simply because of the need to reorganise the business. Where an employee has a long-term health issue which effectively frustrates the contract, it is possible to legitimately dismiss him/her provided there has been a fair review of attendance record and appropriate warnings have been given: International Sports Co Ltd v Thomson [1980]. Whether the dismissal is 'fair' turns on the interpretation of s98(4) of the ERA 1996. In Iceland Frozen Foods v Jones [1983] Browne-Wilkinson J said: "there is a band of reasonable responses to the employee's conduct within which one employer might reasonably take one view.If the dismissal falls within the band the dismissal is fair." On the facts L has made no attempt to address M's sick

Self-Disclosure Gender and Communication Assignment

Self-Disclosure Gender and Communication - Assignment Example Without self-disclosure in a relationship is not the key to a happy marriage because the people involved do not get to know each other from a personal perspective. She supports her arguments using evidence from other research studies such as the one conducted by a research scientist from the Institute for Social Research at Michigan University. Well, there are views that I support in her argument, but I do not agree with other statements. For example, at the beginning of the article Schoenberg (2011) says that based on the data obtained from a scientist who studied 373 married couples, a two-hour conversation may at times entail topics that are not of value. I disagree with the results obtained from this study because of two reasons. These are results that only present a section of the world’s couple population. Furthermore, it is my view that couples are very different and it is not all the couples who are in a position to have self-disclosure. Additionally, I think that by t he time a couple is 20 or more years old, they are likely to have developed a way to communicate with each other even if they at times sit together and focus on topics that are not promoting self-disclosure. Though that is the point that I do not readily agree with about Schoenberg’s article, she still manages to convince me that self-disclosure makes a partner feel loved, special and cared for, by the other partner. It is also true that men favor gestures and women favor verbal affirmations from their partners. As a person in a relationship, I support this view because I noted that my partner is always in a happy mood after she discloses to me about her fears, goals, and values. In my experience, I also feel more appreciated when she surprises me with my favorite food or movies among other things. These are gender differences and I agree with Schoenberg (2011) because, in chapter 2 of Beebe, Beebe, Remond and Geerinsk’s (2010) book, we learn that the masculine gender high interactive.

3M CORPORATION BUSINESS STRATEGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

3M CORPORATION BUSINESS STRATEGY - Essay Example This structural change comprised of very fast changes in information and product technologies and the globalization of markets. This globalization had influenced the kind of leadership capabilities that were required for the success of the organization. The two challenges faced by 3M that I managed to identify are: First, it needed to update its model of corporate leadership, while at the same time cultivating the leadership talent that was required for the company’s growth. Secondly, 3M needed to make its succession planning process more effective so that the company could make sure the deployment of capable leaders on the organization. The question raised for 3M became a major issue for the company.3M has had an emphasis on its efficiency as a result of which the question was raised on the company’s creativity and innovation being neglected. 3M is the company whose identity is built on innovating so this was a vital issue to consider for 3M. 3M had launched a couple o f efficiency programs which were designed to correct their work processes in order to make them defect less or at least minimize defects. Because of these kind of efficiency increasing initiatives, 3m’s creativity was very easily neglected. As innovation was a necessity and something that brings about new challenges and changes the problem was of managing innovation along with efficiency. Factors involved FUTURE GROWTH 3M needed to fight Competitive pressures in order to survive. The company needed to grow as well to deal with these issues. So the company needed to strengthen its leadership on its management side and also high potential leadership talent side. LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION The second challenge face by 3M was about its leadership team policy of the company is to do its promotions from within only so that employees who will become future leaders would have a good understanding of 3M’s diversified business so they can be capable of being effective leaders. Theref ore, it was quite an issue for the company to manage its succession planning and properly target its leadership development process. 3M needed a companywide leadership profile on which it could base its assessment of leadership potential Strategic options The strategic options being explored are in different aspects of the business. One of these is the creation of new models to capture the value created for the customers For this it was required by 3M to have an up to date model of leadership so that the company would be able to guide the leadership development across the company’s very strong succession planning process and diversified business. What 3M required to do, as figured by its senior executives, was to develop a global framework of leadership competencies which would be specific with the company’s vision, values and business 3M had to create a model that would clearly define the company’s desired competencies. This model would then help the management of the company in developing behaviors and skills that would be in line with the company’s corporate objectives. This became a major issue for 3M in the midst of the competitive pressures. This approach was to increase overall effectiveness. In the past, 3M has developed a leadership competency model of this sort however current literature suggested that competencies needed to be updated because of the changing philosophies of the new global business environment. (S. Sharma, 2011) Strategic analysis tools The strategic analysis tools that can be used in this case are SWOT analysis, core competence analysis of 3M, Porter’s five forces and PEST analysis. The reason why these tools can be used is because they will help the company in

Health Promotion Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Promotion Plan - Essay Example Compared to the mortality rates from all races, deaths from malignant neoplasms are higher among African Americans as the mortality rate of malignant neoplasms from all races is only 321.2; meanwhile, hypertension is cited as the 10th most common cause of death among African Americans and the ever-present predisposing factor for diseases of the heart, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and kidney diseases (HealthyPeople.gov, 2012, n.p.). With the identification of hypertension as the problem of the population or the underlying determinants of certain chronic diseases, health promotion will be geared towards addressing hypertension among African Americans aged 55 years and older, promoting multi-sectoral policies and programs to improve health and reduce health disparities, and educating the public about evidence-based interventions to prevent, treat and control hypertension. In addition, it is easy address hypertension than malignant neoplasms among African Americans as hypertension is a modifiable, controllable risk factor. Objective In the Healthy People 2020 Objectives for heart disease and stroke, a 10-percent improvement from baseline is set to determine efficacy of health promotion, intervention, or treatment. The proportion of adult African Americans who died from hypertension is 23.4; thus, the main objective of this paper is to reduce the proportion of adults (aged 55 years and older) who died from hypertension from 23.4 to 21.1 (HDS-5.1). Aspects of Collaboration To prevent hypertension and promote health, collaboration from government, local community, clinicians, other health care professionals, nurse-managed hypertension facilities, public health workers and community outreach workers, and patients is a must. Each of the following care professionals has their own aspects of collaboration of how to promote health and prevent hypertension. Government agencies are responsible for implementing policies and programs to address hypertension and in fundi ng for the general health of the population. Community aspects of collaboration include civic, philanthropic, religious, and senior organizations that could provide locally focused orientation to the health needs of the diverse target population. Clinicians and other health care professionals influence or reinforce instructions to improve patient lifestyles and blood pressure control. Nurse-managed hypertension facilities also contribute to better hypertension control. Public health nurses and community outreach workers screen, identify cases, refer and track follow-up appointments, and educate patients. Meanwhile, patient is at the central core of collaboration as their motivation and compliance to treatment facilitate better blood pressure control and reduction of incidence of hypertension. Therefore, collaborative groups’ shared roles in preventing hypertension and promotion of health include reinforcing awareness of hypertension risks, conveying the importance of blood pr essure management, and educating effective lifestyle interventions, pharmacologic therapies, and treatment adherence (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004, 62). . Organizational/Policy Changes The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion stated that health promotion action means building healthy public policy which puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all

Concepts of Supply and the Elasticity of Demand Essay

Concepts of Supply and the Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example Due to the fact that the market for many goods and services has a very inelastic price elasticity of demand, the actual level of demand that consumers express bears little relation to the price that is being offered for the commodity.   This particular graph is indicative of an elastic demand curve. It is important to bear in mind that the demand curve is not steeply sloping; rather, it exhibits a gradual decline as the price fluctuates. Naturally, determinants such as consumer time horizon will greatly impact the total elasticity that is represented in the above representation by elongating and flattening the demand curve as a result of the fact that the consumer believes that the cost is likely to change within the near future. Similar changes to the demand curve will also be noted if/when changes to the consumer’s income are noted and/or if the availability of substitutes weakens or strengthens the demand that has hitherto been illustrated.   Similarly, â€Å"cross-price elasticity† is a term that is used to measure the responsiveness of the demand for a given good to the change in the price of a competing good. This level of change is given as a percentage point and is derived as a function of measuring the percentage change in the price of the secondary good/commodity. As a quick example, if the price of shipping were to increase by 10% and the price of the finished good itself were to decrease by 25%, the following formula would be used to calculate the cross-price elasticity of the given good: -25/10= -2.5. In this way, the reader can see the level to which competing goods/commodities play with relation to the elasticity of demand for a given product within the marketplace.

TRAVEL PLANS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

TRAVEL PLANS - Essay Example The agency also makes its money from coming up with plans like what is contained in this paper. History of Venice is covered extensively and reasons that make it a tourist destination of choice well documented. A day to day analysis of the two set of couples’ itinerary is provided with distinct activities that make each couple’s experience unique clearly highlighted. A justification for each activity undertaken by the two couples is equally provided to give explanation as to why the chosen activities are of value to the couples. A conclusion of the plan has been drawn and proper references cited in line with the Harvard referencing style. Introduction and purpose of the report The report covers a plan for two related by distinct couples, one that is newly wedded and the parents of the bride. The two clients of are from distinct value segment with newlyweds focusing on romance while the older couple have interest in luxury tourism. This report shows how the 7 P’s of marketing apply in both scenarios with main focus on Price, Promotion and place. Justification for location and activity choices for the two set of clients brings into focus the underlying marketing principles that must be met to achieve value addition to customers. Background General information of the couples 1st client- couple A This is a young newly married couple of between 20-30 years in age who are planning to enjoy their honeymoon in Venice, Italy, for a period of one week. They are scheduled to arrive in Venice on Thursday 30th August 2012 and shall depart on 6th September 2012 having spent one week in Venice as planned. During their stay, they seek to have romance and enjoy each other’s company as is the norm with young newlywed couples, they also desire to be taken in and around Venice and Italy at large to view the serenity and magnificent sights of the country but have to meet the wife’s parents if such need may arise, probably during meals and. They co ntemplate taking some excursions together. 2nd client- Couple B This set of second client includes are persons aged between 50-60 years and are the parents of the wife to the first client who are newly married. They, like their daughter and son-in-law are having a visit to Vince city in Italy and are scheduled to arrive on Thursday the 30th of August 2012 and depart on 6th September 2012, having spent one week of vacation. They are healthy physically and thus can undertake any physical activity on the excursion, unlike the first client, they seek to have luxury holiday while visiting the sights and beautiful places in and around Venice and Italy at large. And just like their son-in-law and daughter, they too would like at some point in their visit, to meet each other if need may be. Value segments (VALS) Value segment is fundamental to marketing and company’s profitability entirely depend on it for they inform the organization on the aspirations, thinking, self images and beh aviors of individuals. They include; basic needs, fairer deal, traditional family life, conventional family life, look at me, something better, real conservatism, young optimism, visible achievement and socially aware (Roy Morgan Research 2012, p1). Couple A In this category of clientele, considering their ages and professionalism, they are still a young couple with ambition and competitiveness in life, seeking to improve their career lives by getting better jobs and thus can travel widely to

Human Resource Development & Job Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Development Job Satisfaction Essay Opportunities for training and development are paramount in decisions regarding employee career choices. It is important that those in the human resource development (HRD) look at how their work affects those who they provide service. HRD is a field that focuses on training, career development and organizational development with the goal of improving processes and enhancing the learning and performance of individuals, organizations, communities and society (Judge and Saari, 2008). To accomplish this task, HRD practitioners must look at how training and development programs affect those employees who participate in them. They must be aware of how employees who participate in them perceive the information presented. They must be aware of how employees feel about the training and programs offered to them, and they must understand the components that make up job training satisfaction from the employee standpoint. Employees use the trainings as a framework to base the company upon. Job satisfaction is a major factor in decisions regarding people’s careers; however it is naive to assume that people work primarily to achieve professional fulfillment and job satisfaction (Caruso, 2011). In fact, they seem to work because what they get on the job enables them to achieve whatever they want to achieve off the job. On the job, they must produce, which sometimes equals no enjoyment. Every person has different reasons for working. The reasons for working are as individual as the person. But, we all work because we obtain something that we need from work. The something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. To create positive employee motivation, treat employees as if they matter because employees matter (Judge and Saari, 2008). These ideas will help you fulfill what people want from work and create employee motivation. Compensation levels and competiveness are higher than ever before and the casualties are factors like job satisfaction. Literature Review A satisfied or happy employee may begin to develop an approach of self-complacency, and an overall sense of well-being, and consequently, his temperament may reflect his disposition (Caruso, 2011). As a result, it is all too common to see that the productivity of the employee does not always closely follow his upward level of happiness. Does that mean that employers don’t want happy employees? No, however that don’t desire to gain employees that forget why they’re employed in the first place. Another important aspect of this situation is the level of constructive conflict. If properly used and applied in the organizational arena, the managerial imbedding of a limited degree of beneficial conflict does indeed shake these smug people and satisfied employees out of their fatigue and enables them to achieve a certain individuality of action. Viewed from the perspective of the organization the key issue is not having satisfied, happy employees but maximizing productivity, the bottom line being profit (Caruso, 2011). A generation of employees who feel entitled to employee satisfaction has entered the workforce and several generations of employees for whom work never quite fulfilled their dreams, are leaving. And, they are leaving in the worst of economic times which will affect their satisfaction with the rest of the quality of life they experience. This downward trend in job satisfaction raises concerns about the overall engagement of employees and ultimately employee productivity, retention, creativity, risk-taking, mentoring, and in overall employee motivation and interest in work. Factors contributing to employee satisfaction include treating employees with respect, providing regular employee recognition, empowering employees, offering above industry-average benefits and compensation, providing employee perks and company activities, and positive management within a success framework of goals, measurements, and expectations (Egan and Young, 2004). You can tell your colleagues, coworkers and or staff how much you value them and their contribution any day of the year. No occasion is required to tell someone job well done or keep up the outstanding efforts. In fact, small surprises and tokens of your appreciation spread throughout the year help you and the people in your work life feel valued all year long. Employee recognition is limited in most organizations (Egan and Young, 2004). At my place of employment, employees complain about the lack of recognition regularly. My supervisor would respond by asking, â€Å"Why should I recognize or thank her? She’s just doing her job. † These factors combine to create work places that fail to provide recognition for employees. Employers who prioritize employee recognition understand the power of recognition, because they see the adverse effect of it in the employee. HRD employee job satisfaction is situational. Employee job satisfaction depends on the company and its practices, the expectations and needs from work, the quality of the supervision, the health of the industry, the competitiveness of the job market, the state of the economy, the success of the company, your mentor resources, and more (Lleana and Simmons, 2008). The inconsistencies are what make employee job satisfaction so challenging. Since the day to day job cycle can’t be predicted, it’s safe to say that employee satisfaction can’t be either. Conclusion The most influential factor in job satisfaction appears to be the degree to which employees think their job makes good use of their skills and abilities. This is closely followed by the extent to which employees think the work they perform is meaningful. If employees believe their work and the work of their organization is important and makes good use of their skills, there is a very good chance they will be satisfied with their job, even if they are not as positive about other aspects of the job. The next major component of satisfaction appears to be whether employees believe they are treated with respect. Higher job satisfaction is associated with working conditions where employees believe their opinions count and where they receive recognition for the work they perform. Job satisfaction is related to how well an organization is managed. This component does not seem to work in isolation from job fit and respect. In other words, a well-managed organization does not turn into high job satisfaction scores in the absence of a good match between employees and the job, or under conditions where employees do not feel respected for what they do. When a lack of respect is felt amongst an employee, a lack of respect is shown for the job at hand whether it be through work performance, attitude, or respect reciprocated. HRD is a career field that requires one to interact with others on a daily basis. With that being said, one must always exhibit a pleasant persona for the simple fact that what they do has a major impact on the individuals that they come across. HRD is also a career field where you are constantly assisting others in job advancements and etc. within an organization, which to me is satisfying all within itself.

Problems faced by countries with low economic growth

Problems faced by countries with low economic growth The economic growth is an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) by measure the amount of income and products that occurring over some time period. How is the economist defining the economic growth? The economists define the economic growth as an increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) measured on per capital and the arrangement for inflation. Furthermore, as an economist, they will look carefully at comparisons of GDP per capital between the countries that are absolutely different economic structures and cultural values. Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness said by Jean Vanier. It means that if the people want to growth up the economic for their country, the people have to know about the country weakness and finding out the solution together to solving the countrys problems. This assignment is going to discuss about the country with slow economic growth and what are the problem faced by them and what are the solution to solve these problems. Body Economic growth The economic growth is an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) by measure the amount of income and products that occurring over some time period. When the economic growth is increasing, it will bring many advantages. The advantage of economic growth is improving the living standards. Furthermore, the positive effects on government finances because of government benefits and increase employment opportunities are also the advantages. At the movement, the people will not be unemployed and have a stable life. The last advantage is improving the confidence of firms and consumers which may lead to an increase in investment. Country with low economic growth The country which is in a slow economic growth is Vietnam. In Vietnam, the people are increase the economic growth with agrarian, subsistence, and village-oriented. The sources of economic are come from many sector, such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining and minerals, Industry and manufacturing, energy and tourist. The below are table show about the Vietnam GDP from 2003 to 2010. Year GDP real growth rate Rank Percent Change Date of Information 2003 6.00 % 22 2002 est. 2004 7.20 % 23 20.00 % 2003 est. 2005 7.70 % 27 6.94 % 2004 est. 2006 8.50 % 23 10.39 % 2005 est. 2007 8.20 % 29 -3.53 % 2006 est. 2008 8.50 % 28 3.66 % 2007 est. 2009 6.20 % 55 -27.06 % 2008 est. 2010 5.30 % 26 -14.52 % 2009 est. From the 16th century, the Confucianism was losing its influence in Vietnamese society. The money economy was develops on a negative ways. The early commercial ports such as Hoi An were forced and foreign countries with their different cultures and their invasion ambitions were seen as a theat. Finally, this policy led to a degree of stagnation in the Vietnamese economy and finally Vietnam becomes the French colony. Until French colonization in the mid-19th century, Vietnams economy had been stationary with agrarian, subsistence and village-oriented. The French colonizer is intentional developed differently. The import and export have been divisions into the north and south in 1954. The south is for agricultural and the north is for manufacturing. Besides that, the development of exports the coal is from the north and the rice is from south. The French do this is to stimulate the internal commerce. During the year 1954 to 1975, the second Indonesia war was seriously affected the Vietnams economy. The Vietnam economy drops seriously and worsened by the countrys 1.5million military and citizen deaths and its later about one million of refugees, including tens of thousands of workers who are intelligent and can help to improve the economy of country. After that, the government set up a Second Five-Year Plan start in the year 1976 to 1980. The plan they want to achieved between the year are increase the average annual growth rates of 16 to 18 percent in industry sector, 8 to 10percent in agriculture and 13 to 14 percent in national income. Furthermore, they also aimed to combine the north and south again. In the end, the plans aims were not achieved and the economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, unemployment, lack material and technological and insufficient and consumer goods. By following, the Vietnam Third Five-Year Plan was begun in the year 1981 to 1985. This plan is to comprise between ideological and pragmatic fractions. They emphasized the development of agriculture and industry. Efforts were also made to put down the power of government while planning and improve the managerial skills of government officials. From 1970 to 1990, the Vietnam becomes a member of Comecon and trade with the Soviet Union and its allies. After the dissolution of the Comecon, Vietnam was forced to freedom trade, devalue its exchange rate to increase exports and embark on a policy of regional and international economic capitalization. In 1986, Doi Moi reforms a centralized economy to a socialist-oriented market economy. In the year 1990, the business and agricultural is success and evident after reforms under the Doi Moi and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than 7%, and the poverty was decrease nearly halved. The GDP fell in 1998 to 1999 because the government still holds a tight rein over major state sectors of the economy. Vietnam had a average growth in GDP of 7.1% per year from 2000 to 2004 and the GDP growth in 2005 was 8.4%. On 7th November 2006, Vietnam became the World Trade Organizations (WTO)150th member. Vietnams access to WTO was intended to produce an excellent economic growth to Vietnam, to ensure the continuation of open reforms and create options for trade expansion. The serious challenges were also provided to Vietnam to increased foreign competition. The problems faced by the country Vietnam is facing many problems in their country. The first problem is population. In Vietnam, the population is around 80 million, is the second largest country in Southeast Asia after Indochina. After the Vietnam War, the population is rising rapidly. Increasing population density, pressure on ageing infrastructure and worsening environmental damage prompted a policy of applying does not encourage a families have more than two children. Although the population is slow down, but the previous high rate of young population have make the strains on the education system and labour market. The second problem is poverty, the poverty is still appear in the rural areas. The increasing of cities affluence has cause the migration from the poor rural provinces into the cities and provides the social problems there. The salary for the low-skill jobs is very less and the unemployment rate is high. The third problem is Health. Most of the hospitals are in antiquated colonial buildings. In the hospital, there are only consists a basic equipment and the medical staffs are lack of skills and experience. Moreover, the poor people who are sick refused for treatment and medication because they do not have money to pay. The fourth and is controlling smuggling. Smuggling now is seriously in Vietnam. Smuggling is on a massive scale, mostly between Vietnam and China. About a quarter of Vietnamese import may be entering the illegally across its long, porous border with its mighty neighbour. The last problem is pollution. The flora and fauna and the habitat destroy are not only threat by the pollution. The flora and fauna destroy also caused by poaching and illegal logging especially in the poor rural areas. This problem cause the people cannot have a good standard of living. Recommendation to the country People are a good thing to the country but the population growth is still need to have a limit. About the population problem, the government can reform tax in a way that encourages couple to have no more than two children. The couple still be able to have, but the tax code would no longer subsidize more than two. The second problem is about poverty. The poverty was happened because the people are lack of knowledge. So, the government and citizen need to give the best education to the children. When the children are growing up, they will have the knowledge and develop the country to decrease the poverty percent. The government can also increase the tax of the rich people and using the tax to pay for the poor people and some social activities. The third problem is about the health. In Vietnam, there are consists only the basic equipment and some unprofessional staff in the hospital. For this problem, the government needs to provide the modern equipment, some medicine and increase the knowledge of every staff. Furthermore, the price for the treatment must be able to pay by some poor people. To control the smuggling, the government has to strengthen the law like increase the amount of fine and send to jail about 50 years. The lecturer also needs to give some speech to the new generation to make sure they will not involve in the negative activities. The pollution in Vietnam is very seriously. To solve the problem, the citizens have to cooperate between each other to plant the tree to improve the standards of living. Moreover, government also needs to strengthen the law to stop them to continue illegal logging and poaching. Conclusion

Planning a Health Promotion Campaign

Planning a Health Promotion Campaign Planning a health promotion campaign Now that you have given the community health nurses enough information on health promotion, plan a health promotion campaign they can be implement in their local communities. Scenario 2 Nutrition education in schools You want to introduce better nutrition education into all schools in your district, possibly followed by a more general Health Promoting Schools project. How will you do this?   Who do you think the key stakeholders would be? What would you do with the schools and the communities themselves? How will you evaluate the project? AC 4.1 Plan of a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives (4.1).   Your plan should show a critical reflection on the proposed activities to identify potential challenges and formulate appropriate solutions (D1) More Fresh Air Nutrition Health Promotion Campaign Form a steering committee comprised of key stakeholders: Community Nursing Team Schools Liaison Officer Community Nursing Team Dietitian District School Director District School Inclusive Officer Maximum three head teachers from pilot schools who champion the general Health Promoting Schools initially 2 Pupil Rep from each these three schools both genders from each school and all six should reflect various ethnic groups as much as possible Concept of the More Fresh Air Programme Eating and Health are somewhat overused and children are becoming jaded with the constant eating for health approach.   Decided to have a fresh and innovative programme title to catch our targets audiences attention. Leaving winter behind and entering the Spring season, and Summer not far behind the idea behind, this programme offers an inclusive approach where to enjoy the best of fresh air bodies must be fuelled by nutritious food. Intended Outcomes: An increase in nutritious eating through a nutrition education programme fronted by a concept of enjoying activities outdoors. Communities will be made aware of the programme and encouraged to attend a specific programme. Have a way to measure the success, or otherwise, of the programme using a short questionnaire for example Activities After school pub-like quiz on the types of food the body needs to be fully active and alert during school and after school.   general knowledge to begin and then specific for a district wide competition prize from a local farmers market. Subtraction exercises what would the body be able to do without protein? for example. Answers would require research into what protein does for the body.   In this way cover the six food groups over the course of a week, during afternoon sessions, which would of course be agreed with the head teacher and the teaching management team Monday morning during assembly introduce the More Fresh Air programme. Parents could be invited to attend In an hour session before the end of the school day which, weather permitting will allow for outdoor activities i.e. upper body exercises, to be included in the session Meats and Oils Parents unable to attend Monday mornings assembly attend a   Tuesday parent-only assembly so they can be informed about   the programme Tuesday afternoon included lower body exercises Fruits give fruits at end of session Wednesday afternoon include Circuit Training Community invited but training separate to that of the children Diary check for allergies first and have a prepared alternative at end of session Thursday afternoon include a game of Rounders and invite parents to participate and/or watch Vegetables give raw edible vegetables at the end of the session Friday afternoon include a number of outdoor games to achieve maximum participation, such as relay games and tug-of-war Grains/Nuts check for nut allergies first and possible provide grains as opposed to nuts at the end of the session In the planning special educational needs will be considered and factored into the programme for complete inclusivity Working with stakeholders from inception will avoid the challenges which arise when stakeholders are not consulted in the initial stages of a programme, such as this health promotional campaign.   All involved should be clear that the intended outcome is a more efficient nutritional education programme, so that parents and children can feel that the health improving actions, taken by them, are the ones they have chosen for themselves based on the information provided in a non-judgemental manner.   The process for evaluating this programme is considered below. AC 4.2 An explanation of how the health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies Irrespective of age, one sure way of getting people to follow you is to educate them with the knowledge you know they should have, and them empower them to make the right decision which, if your strategies are effective, will be the same decision you would have made on their behalf, had you imposed a behavioural health promotion strategies, for example. The More Fresh Air campaign is to alert parents and children to the overall benefit of nutritious meals, through a nutritional programme.   Considering the promotional plan it can be seen that purpose of each food group, for the functioning of the body, will be explained and explored.   Linking the value of nutritious food to physical activity will prove more advantageous, than simply telling children that healthy food is good for them.   Understanding how nutritious food helps them to function physically, will offer an association between what they eat and what they do.   Ensuring that all the children can participate, in the fresh air, in one physical activity with ensuring a reinforcement of knowledge, through the actual understanding pursued in a physical activity. A pub-like quiz for those children who are not inclined to be physically active, when left to their own devices, serves to validate the More Fresh Air Campaign when the quiz is conducted outside.   In this way, the outside does not become the domain of the sporty children, but becomes, rather, a shared space for mentally activity too, which in itself requires healthy nourishment for the nourishment of brain cells. Overall, food is necessary to fuel both physical and mental activity, and in this way children and parents are educated not to simply associate food with weight issues per se, although the education will support the empowerment of a behavioural pattern which will be reflected in weight appropriate to height and structure; thus killing two birds with one stone -improvement in healthy eating and a decrease in levels of obesity. The reduction in the level of obesity falls under the remit of the national health promotion strategies Fit4Life, and the health promotional models of education and empowerment will assist in pupils benefiting from this health promotional strategy. In preparing to plan for the introduction of better nutrition education in schools, assessing health needs were essential, as health needs not only differ across the district funded schools, but within schools as well.   Speaking with and asking for advice from the senior management team ensured that specific needs were not overlooked in any school.   Not wishing to disrupt the school timetable, this health promotion was incorporated into the school routine, in the main, with the community being invited to participate in circuit training, if they were medically able to do so, and parents and carers being encouraged to support the educational programme on nutrition by attending either the school assembly, or the specific parent assembly. Working with those who knew the both the pupils and their parents, it was possible to avoid any religious or cultural slights by being made aware of festivals and cultural practices.   Hence, the programme was planned for the week before Easter, and not the week before the Whitsun bank holiday as we did not wish to exclude the Muslim pupils who would be fasting in observance of Ramadan. Legislation was taken into consideration, as the safety of pupils was paramount. All outside contractors, such as those from the farms responsible for the fruit and vegetable 5-day display, were vetted and underwent DBS checks, if they had not done so before, in line with the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003.   A risk assessment, particular with respect to the outdoor activities involving parents too, was undertaken in keeping with the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974.   As note before, plans included how to ensure that the programme was accessible to pupils with special educational needs, and parents with any form of physical disability, in line with the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. In the planning a framework for evaluation was also factored in as it necessary to see what works and what does not work, if we wish to replicate this health promotion campaign again.   Efficiency, effectiveness and economy were pointers in the framework.   All public health campaigns resourced by public funds have to demonstrate value for money, and thus in the calculation we considered the cost to the NHS should the levels of obesity rise in the next two years.   Naturally if obesity levels in pupils did not rise, then the difference between the calculated amount, should it rise, and the amount of money spent on this campaign highlighted how much the NHS would save in not having to treat a new cohort of obese pupils; this would demonstrate the value for money aspect of the campaign.   The efficiency and the effectiveness of the campaign would also be reflected in the money that would not have to be spent on addressing the issue of a new cohort of obese children. Further, in the planning the SMART acronym was included for the evaluation of the programme from beginning to end, considering our target audience, the goals and objectives we set for programme and the pupils.   The possible outcomes/goals were subjected to an examination to ascertain if they were Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timely: Smart: goals well defined such that the youngest pupil could understand the intended outcome Pupil engaging positively with food and making healthy choice selections at lunch; using food to fuel an agreed physical or mental activity Measurable: include parameters to ascertain if goal has been achieved Levels of improvement which can be checked by a member of staff personal goal of running faster between two fixed points (physical) or memorising specific quotes or passages from a set book with increasing difficulty Achievable: challenging, but realistic goal for those participating Gradually increasing speed or number of quotes memorises each week Relevant: all goals consistent with each other in order to achieve long term goal Pupils will be empowered by the knowledge of how food fuels the body to make healthy food choices when selecting because they wish for their body to operate at optimum level Timely: have a time frame in which it can be ascertained if goal achieved or not Fitness level or rendition ability would have improved by the end of the school year, as the reinforcement of a physical fit body or being mentally agile is fuelled by healthy food selection. In conclusion, whether pupils are aiming for physical or mental fitness the concept of acquiring more fresh air could have a beneficial effect on both sub-groups of pupils, since being in the same spatial environment could encourage the pupils to explore the other benefit of selecting healthy food to fuel the body. Reference Disablity Discrimation Act 2005 Available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228870/9780108508066.pdf accessed 27/02/2017 Health and Safety At Work ect Act 1974 Available online at http://www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm accessed 27/02/2017 Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 Available online at https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/108/s342 accessed 27/02/2017 SMART example Available online at http://urban-athletes.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/SMART-Goals.jpg accessed 27/02/2017

Pricing Strategies :: Business Market Marketing Price

Pricing Strategies (graphics not included) One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is an important strategic issue because it is related to product positioning. Pricing also affects other marketing mix elements as well, such as product features, channel decisions, and promotion. A pricing strategy is a course of action designed to achieve pricing objectives. This strategy helps marketers set prices. There are many ways to price a product. The following, figure 1.1, shows a list of five major types of pricing strategies. (Business, 8th Ed., pg 421) Figure 1.1 New-Product Pricing There are two primary types of new product pricing strategies, price skimming and penetration pricing. An organization can use one or both of them over a calculated period of time. Price Skimming involves charging the highest price possible for a short time where a new, innovative, or much-improved product is launched onto a market. The objective with skimming is to â€Å"skim the cream† off customers who are willing to pay more to have the product sooner. Prices are lowered once demand falls. (Business, 8th Ed., pg 422) Penetration Pricing is the opposite extreme; it involves the setting of lower, rather than higher price for a new product. The main purpose is to build market share quickly. The seller wants to discourage competitors from entering the market by building a large market share quickly. (Business, 8th Ed., pg 422) Differential Pricing Differential pricing occurs when a company attempts to charge different prices to two different customers for what is essentially the same product. For this to be effective, the market must have multiple segments with different price sensitivities. Differential pricing can happen in several ways: negotiated pricing, secondary-market pricing, periodic discounting, and random discounting. The following describes two of the ways. Negotiated Pricing happens when the final price is established through bargaining between the seller and the buyer. This occurs in various industries and at all levels of distribution. Prices are normally negotiated for houses, cars and used merchandise. (Business, 8th Ed., pg 423) Periodic Discounting is the temporary reduction of prices. This normally happens when retailers have holiday sales or seasonal sales. The downside of this is that customers can predict when the price reductions will occur and hold off on buying until the sales take place. (Business, 8th Ed., pg 423) Psychological Pricing Psychological pricing is a marketing practice based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact.

Relationships in Lawrences Sons and Lovers Essay -- Lawrence Sons and

Relationships in Lawrence's Sons and Lovers      Ã‚   There can be no argument that D. H. Lawrence's Son's and Lover's is a study of   human relationships. Gertrude Morel, because of her turbulent and odd relationship with her husband, ends up developing deep emotional relations with her two eldest son's. The second eldest in particular, Paul, is the receiver of most of this deep emotion. Because of these feelings and the deeper-than-usual emotional bond between the two, Paul has difficulty being comfortable in his own relationships.   Paul's relationship with Miriam is plagued by his mother's disapproval, jealousy, and Miriam 's own spirituality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paul's relationship with Miriam is one where the love is not allowed to flourish.   Although there is no doubt that there is love between the two, the forces around them create tension that suppresses it. Miriam believes herself not nearly as beautiful as she really is. Because of this she is always looking for things to love her. In the case of Paul she believes that if Paul was to need her, if she could take care of him, "if he could depend on her, if she could, as it were, have him in her arms, how she would love him."(137) However, this is never allowed to happen. Paul's mother Gertrude already occupies this space in his life. Thus the relationship between the two is a struggle for an identity. The relationship is a struggle between Paul and his mother and Paul and Miriam.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main conflicts between Paul and Miriam are between physical- spiritual differences and his mother. Miriam holds spirituality very close to her. Thing with Miriam are always on a very spiri... ... giving in to his mother, he breaks it off with Miriam. We get the impression that Miriam waits for Paul forever. It concretely ends when his mother dies and he leaves to find himself.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Son's and Lover's is a study of human relationships. Paul is the receiver of most of his mothers deep emotional feelings and has with her a bond tighter than normal. Because of this Paul has trouble handling and being comfortable with his own relationships.   Paul's relationship with Miriam was plagued by his mother's disapproval. If it wasn't for the selfishness of his mother Paul would of most likely been happy with Miriam.    Work Cited    Lawrence, D. H. Sons and Lovers. New York: Viking, 1913. On-line. U of Virginia Electronic Text Center. Internet. 23 February 1998, www: http:Hetext.lib.virginia.edu/english.html.

Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the :: English Literature

Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the characters involved 'The Crucible' is a play based on the 17th century Salemwitch hunts. It is also a parable for the events in McCarthy's era in the U.S.A which was a high profile topic at the time it was written. The play is about people who are wrongly accused of helping the devil. 'The Crucible' was written by Arthur Miller and was first performed in 1953, New York. It is set in a puritanical society where the people believe in hard work and little luxury. Their life is based around God, the Bible and the 'Ten commandments'. They're joyless and God-fearing. Pride and integrity are extremely important to them. They're obsessed and fearful of sin, damnation and the devil. Fear is an abstract emotion, it causes people to worry, become nervous and sometimes act in an irrational manner. People can be 'fearful' of many different things. It could be that you or someone you care about is in danger or that you are scared of someone or something. It makes people conscious and aware of what is happening around them or what could happen. It is induced by something frightening, whether it be justified or not (it could be about nothing, paranoia). Fear is often provoked by the unknown, for example the devil in 'The Crucible'. People are very cautious of phenomenon that they are ignorant of or that cannot be explained. A fear that is particularly relevant to the play is, fear of losing their good reputation. Fear can have a major effect on society, especially one as puritanical as Salem. It fuels existing tensions and turns people against each other. People become suspicious of everyone and trust no-one. They accuse their enemies and even their friends. Fear causes people to protect themselves and their pride even at the expense of other of other people's lives! One lie can lead to a dozen as an allegation spirals out of control. People pride themselves on their moral integrity in the town of Salem. 'Moral integrity' is where people live by God's rules and their own principles. They try to keep a good reputation and do the 'right thing'. It is a sort of 'standard' amongst the locals. However, once "the devil entered Salem", the moral integrity of people was at risk, as many people lost the integrity they had as it was all undermined by fear of the Devil, and of being accused. Mary Warren loses all moral integrity she once possessed at the end of 'The Crucible'. Mary is one of the only girls who does not join in Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the :: English Literature Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the characters involved 'The Crucible' is a play based on the 17th century Salemwitch hunts. It is also a parable for the events in McCarthy's era in the U.S.A which was a high profile topic at the time it was written. The play is about people who are wrongly accused of helping the devil. 'The Crucible' was written by Arthur Miller and was first performed in 1953, New York. It is set in a puritanical society where the people believe in hard work and little luxury. Their life is based around God, the Bible and the 'Ten commandments'. They're joyless and God-fearing. Pride and integrity are extremely important to them. They're obsessed and fearful of sin, damnation and the devil. Fear is an abstract emotion, it causes people to worry, become nervous and sometimes act in an irrational manner. People can be 'fearful' of many different things. It could be that you or someone you care about is in danger or that you are scared of someone or something. It makes people conscious and aware of what is happening around them or what could happen. It is induced by something frightening, whether it be justified or not (it could be about nothing, paranoia). Fear is often provoked by the unknown, for example the devil in 'The Crucible'. People are very cautious of phenomenon that they are ignorant of or that cannot be explained. A fear that is particularly relevant to the play is, fear of losing their good reputation. Fear can have a major effect on society, especially one as puritanical as Salem. It fuels existing tensions and turns people against each other. People become suspicious of everyone and trust no-one. They accuse their enemies and even their friends. Fear causes people to protect themselves and their pride even at the expense of other of other people's lives! One lie can lead to a dozen as an allegation spirals out of control. People pride themselves on their moral integrity in the town of Salem. 'Moral integrity' is where people live by God's rules and their own principles. They try to keep a good reputation and do the 'right thing'. It is a sort of 'standard' amongst the locals. However, once "the devil entered Salem", the moral integrity of people was at risk, as many people lost the integrity they had as it was all undermined by fear of the Devil, and of being accused. Mary Warren loses all moral integrity she once possessed at the end of 'The Crucible'. Mary is one of the only girls who does not join in

Eugene Achike- a Man Who Did Horrible Things Essay

Papa’s role in the community is vital in its functioning: he the prime contributor to its people by donating money to the church and church related organisations. He uses his newspaper, The Standard as a form of rebellion against the corrupt military government which proves that he is trying to better the country. His relationship with Ade Coker and the effect that his death had on him proves that he has compassion and is soft-hearted ,but chooses to mask it- not wanting to show any sort weakness. He helps the Coker family get back on their feet after Ade’s death, helping the baby regain her voice thus proves that he has good qualities. At home he is depicted as a tyrannical leader and is constantly enforcing his position in the family by means of instilling fear and in turn he receives blind obedience, discipline and most importantly the ‘perfect family’. His methods of enforcing his position ranges from extreme physical abuse which is vividly portrayed when he beat Mama to the point of her having a miscarriage and when he beat Kambili and Jaja for â€Å"walking into sin† in Nsukka ,to emotional abuse when he intimidated Kambili in front of her peers for ‘choosing’ to come second in class. Actions such as these or ensuring that his children follow a strict schedule designed by him could easily change the reader’s perception of Papa into a negative one, but it is is justification and his his role in the community that sways the reader’s perception of him. His justification for his actions is portrayed through his fanatical belief. He feels that it is his moral obligation to punish those that have sinned which in turn redeems them their place in heaven. This is continually represented by his emotional state whilst punishing a family member, crying while pouring water over Kambili’s feet, his swollen eyes after finding out about the miscarriage and the remorse that he felt after Mama left for Nsukka. It would be a fairly accurate deduction that Papa does monstrous things, but he also does good throughout the novel which proves that he is not a monster nor is he a saint.

Awareness of an Organic Food Essay

I. Introduction A. What is awareness of an organic food? 1. How curious are consumers toward buying an organic food? 2. Are organic foods providing more than health benefits for consumer and environment? 3. What are the reasons for choosing an organic food throughout our daily life? B. Understanding the awareness of consuming an organic food. II. What is an organic food? A. Organic foods are considered to be more nutrient dense than their counterparts produced via modern farming practices. B. The word an organic is a labeling term that denotes products produced under the authority of the Organic Foods Production Act. C. The definition shades the meaning most people associate with the term, such as the use of non-chemical fertilizers and pesticides as the food is being grown. III. How curious are consumers toward buying an organic food? A. The fastest growing segment of U. S. agriculture. B. A physician and researcher; Dr. David Thomas, studied and compared the United States government guidelines and tables for the nutritional content of various foods. C. Data shows that the decision to shop an organic food. D. What you eat builds and maintains your body. IV. Are organic foods providing more than health benefits for consumer and environment? A. Eating an organic food will provide vital foundations for health. B. How they are farmed. 1. Levels of certain nutrients in relation to the commercially available counterparts produced via modern farming practices. C. Conventional agricultural methods can cause water contamination. V. What are the reasons for choosing an organic food throughout our daily life? A. Effect on health. 1. You are what you eat a. Eat an apple, and you eat life: vitamins, minerals, water, and more. Eat pesticide residue, and you fill your body with poisons 2. Food is your best medicine a. Choose foods that are known to bring us health, energy, and peace of mind 3. Pay now or pay later a. Pay now for delicious, healing food or pay later for medical bills, illness, and suffering 4. We prefer life over death a. Choose which will bring us greatest energy, happiness, and health b. Not choose which will bring us fatigue, depression or anxiety, ailments, illnesses, diseases, or death. 5. Earth needs your help a. Every choice we make has an impact on environment b. Your choices make a difference 6. Healthy plants mean healthier soil, water, birds, worms, animals, plants, air, and you a. The natural path honors nature and works in harmony with earth as we achieve harmonious health VI. Conclusions A. Not cost effective considering the damage to health. B. There are choices in our own hand whether to choose an organic food or a conventional food as we consuming and taste it by ourselves. REFERENCES Havey, H. (February 16, 2009). Top Six Reasons To Eat Only Organic Fruits And Vegetables. Retrieved September 21, 2010 from http://www. naturalnews. com/025643_food_organic_health. html Minton, B. L. (February 10, 2009). Buying Organic Is Well Worth The Cost Even When Times Are Tough. Retrieved September 21, 2010 from http://www. naturalnews. com/025570_food_organic_health. html Walters, S. (May 15, 2009). Organic Foods Provide More Than Health Benefits. Retrieved September 21, 2010 from http://www. naturalnews. com/026266_food_organic_health. html.

Health Literacy Essay

Background of the Study Poor health literacy is a stronger predictor of a person’s health than age, income, employment status, education level, and race. There is a high correlation between the ability to read and health literacy, but it is important to recognize that patients who are fully literate may be health illiterate (American Medical Association). Nowadays, knowledge is vital for maintaining and achieving optimum health. The concept of health literacy has come to the forefront in healthcare. Health literacy is defined as: â€Å"The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions† (Ratzen &Park, 2000). Half of our population has limited literacy skills, which affects health literacy. To determine the extent of this impact, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee to examine health literacy. As nurses we need to use this knowledge about health literacy to assist our patients in understanding their health and interacting with the healthcare system. Health literacy has three components (Baker DW (1999)). : First, literacy: a lack of capacity to read, write, communicate, or solve problems which affects the ability of an individual to gain necessary knowledge of health and health systems; Second, comprehension: a lack of capacity to understand how health and health care services are structured and operate to meet health and health care needs and how they can be accessed; and third, participation: a lack of capacity to follow a course of treatment or self-management that will improve health and wellbeing, or change behaviour to prevent disease processes starting or progressing. These components may not be anything new, but they do help to clarify what the purpose of any interventions to promote health literacy and prevent the consequence of its absence for individuals within a wider population, as well as for the public health and health care professionals who work with them. It may be old fashioned, but it is almost possible to recognize a primary, secondary and tertiary preventative approach could be applied to such components. The researchers were puzzled whether the patient who is illiterate has been taking the correct patient education from the nurses. The researchers decided to have such study to know the difference of the recovery and health process between the literate and illiterate patients among the Medical and Surgical Ward at Davao Medical Center. According to Parker(2003), health and health care are increasingly characterized by technological sophistication, and choice by â€Å"informed† consumers is of growing importance in the market. Patients who are better informed about their options and who understand the evidence behind certain approaches to care may have better health outcomes. Those without adequate understanding-without adequate health literacy-cannot function successfully in a market designed for active, informed consumers. They are the ones most likely to be left behind. Problems with health literacy are extremely common and costly; more than half of the individuals are experiencing problems to read and understand the information needed to function in the health care system. Being exposed to a public hospital setting, the researchers handle different patients with different levels of intellectual capacity. In most instances, patients who are illiterate make the incorrect decisions regarding health care and sometimes, it affects their recovery or health status. It becomes a huge barrier to proper health care. The researchers are going to assess the lack of information and nursing interventions the hospital has for the illiterate. The main purpose of this study is to know how the hospital setting handles patient who are illiterate. As nurses of the future, we need to gather some information about the different ways of health teachings that should be appropriate to different types of people. (1 and a half ang intro and last is the reason why you pick the study) Theoretical Framework â€Å"Nursing is the art of improving and providing culturally congruent care to people that is beneficial, will fit with, and will be useful o the client, family, or culture group healthy life ways. † (Madeleine Leinenger). Madeleine Leinenger’s Transcultural Theory of Nursing forwards the principle that caring is the true essence of nursing. Caring is also the dominant, distinctive, and unifying feature of nursing. Human caring, however, varies from one culture to another in terms of how it is expressed and the processes and patterns unique to the culture. Leininger’s theory of Cultural Care is a product of devoted consciousness of an ever changing world, wherein individual is at play with society and their environment. The core of the theory was derived from all her experiences in hospital, clinic and in the community setting. World War II became the nest wherein the theory developed; it was during this period that many immigrants and refugees from diverse cultures were moving to the United States and to other places worldwide. With direct observations and interactions with clients of diverse cultures, with variety of health conditions, she became conscious that recovery from illnesses and or maintaining health and wellbeing was greatly affected by how health care was provided to them. The major event that led to the development of her theory happened in the early 1950’s where she worked as a clinical specialist caring for mildly disturbed children of diverse cultural backgrounds. It’s a humanistic and scientific caring discipline and profession with the main focus of serving individuals, groups, communities, societies, and  institutions by carefully considering cultural care dimensions such as: worldwide view of caring, language of caring, philosophical and religious factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, and life ways, political and legal factors, economic factors, educational factors, and technological factors. Conceptual Framework Based on Madeleine Leinenger’s Theory, the patient needs different way of healthcare provision, proportional to his culture to attend a high level of health. The major conceptual elements of the origin and emergent theory are: human care, culture, culture care, culture care diversity, culture care universality, social and cultural structure dimensions, and world view. As and discussed in the theory, there are 9 factors to consider in administering health care and healthy teachings to the client. If these factors are considered, high level of health can be given to the patient. The independent variable is the health literacy- literacy, cooperation, and participation of the patient; and the dependent variable is the barriers in patient education. The relationship between the independent and dependent variable is that the dependent variable relies on its independent variable and they work together to achieve its ultimate goal – which is to help render optimum care that the researchers can give to their patients. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Barrier to patient education: a. Compliance to Medication b. Lifestyle changes c. Follow-up care INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Health literacy: a. Intellectual Capacity b. Comprehension c. Participation a. Age b. Gender c. Educational attainment d. Religion Figure 1: CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM.

Scarlett Letter Sin Essay

The Different Shades of Sins An Irish Proverb states â€Å"All Sins cast long shadows. † Throughout the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne viewed the sins as a spectrum of many colors. The novel revolves around Hester Prynne, who is convicted of adultery in colonial Salem by the Puritan society. For her punishment, she is condemned to wear the red scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest as a permanent sign of her sin.Exposing to sin and the temptation of its concealment in capricious degrees, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrated the different shades of sins through the actions of several main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth. In the beginning of the book, we learn Hester Prynne committed the sin of adultery. Although meant to crush Hester’s spirit, she is proud of her sin and becomes a strong, tough minded character. While the author Hawthorne has Puritan heritage, he portrays Hester as one of the most â€Å"able† of people in Salem because she confessed her sin.While the religious and high ranking citizens of Salem continue to ridicule her for being and adulteress, â€Å"many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification† (168). The product of this sin was Hester’s daughter Pearl. Unlike the way of the Puritans, Hester creates â€Å"beauty, shining through the gorgeous robes† (87) of Pearl, and thus Pearl stands out in crowds. To Hester, her sin was marrying someone she did not love, Roger Chillingworth. In the eyes of Hester and Dimmesdale, they are not â€Å"the worst sinners in the world.There is one worse than even the polluted priest! That old man's revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester, never did so! † (225) Going against the heart is the greatest sin possible to Hester and Dimmesdale and their â€Å"sin† was between two people who truly loved e ach other. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl and the one who committed the sin of adultery with Hester. As a man of high power in Salem, he does not confess the sin and the mental guilt would slowly kill him.Eventually, â€Å"his moral force was abased into more than childish weakness† (105) Through the ability Hester has shown and the miserable state of Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows the power of confessing a sin. In an attempt to escape for their pasts, Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale plan to leave Salem. However, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s legal husband, also catches a ride on the same boat. Returning to Salem, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl go the scaffold, the place where Hester is originally condemned. In his dieing moments, Dimmesdale confesses his sin in front of the townspeople while also revealing a self inflicted â€Å"A† on his chest.Of all the sinners, Roger Chillingworth was the biggest. First, his sin of marrying a younger women and s ending her over sees causes the adultery claim. When he arrives in Salem and learns of this, he commits his biggest sin†¦ violating the human heart. Rather than Hester’s adultery being her sin, Hawthorne goes against Puritan values by making violating the heart Hester’s true sin. At first, Chillingworth asks Hester to â€Å"speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! † (56) When she refuses, Chillingworth becomes an evil man, becoming uglier by the day.This shows that an unconfessed sin will kill you. Eventually, he becomes aware of the adultery with Hester and becomes Dimmesdale’s â€Å"leech. † After Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth dies because he has no reason to live anymore. Based on Puritan beliefs, sin is an inescapable aspect of life. Hawthorne shows that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both die because of their hidden sin. Contrary to this Hester, who confessed, lives a long, happy life. Since sin is inescapable, the only way to make up for it is by confessing or else the sin swill shadow you forever.

X-ray Exposure Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

X-ray Exposure Components - Essay Example the electrons’ speed is given by kVp (kilovolt potential) which then determines the x-ray beam’s penetration, thus impacting the x-ray production’s efficiency, and determining the level of image contrast. The right kVp yields differential x-ray immersion of dense and soft anatomic structures. Increasing kVp results in an increase in the penetration of an x-ray beam. If kVp is set too low, the resultant image will be devoid of density leading to a sooty or a whitewashed appearance while in case of too high kVp, the resultant image will be too dark and over exposed. The kVp controls the electrons’ energy as they displace across the tube, or it may be said that kVp controls the electron’s speed. Therefore, the higher tube potential (kVp), the larger will be the affect of the electrons. Moreover, the greater the tube potential the greater will be the penetration. Thus, kVp monitors the beam quality by monitoring the x-ray beam energy (Gray et al., 1983) . The tube intensity and exposure time could be an unequalled exposure factor (mAs). The factor, â€Å"mAs† refers to the rate of electrons flow in a predetermined time. Where, mA refers to tube current while s denotes time in seconds. Thus the two exposure factors work in combination to control the quantity of electrons discharged at the cathode and afterward the quantity of x-rays developed at the anode. The milliampere seconds (mAs) ascertains the quantity of x-rays developed per unit time, while the quantity of x-rays arriving at the film ascertains the scale of film’s blackening. Both of these factors monitor and adjust the exposure factor’s quantitative character. These exposure factors determine and influence the quality and quantity of the x-ray beam (Hecker, & Garreau, 2012). Another important factor is the distance between the focus and detector that impacts the x-ray exposure. This relationship is quite simple as the nearer the x-ray tube is placed to the film the higher will be the intensity

Interview with grandfather Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview with grandfather - Essay Example The paper has been able to apply the learned reflections for a mission engagement (Cash & Charles 53) My grandpa stayed with his father before he passed away. He shared his father’s personality. So my mother told me a lot of stories about him, and how everyone loved and respected him, because he loved and respected everyone as well. He was not a rich man, but his inheritance was a little bit of money, and big cows and some small cows to benefit from it. He had worked when he was 15 years old, and he sacrificed for his family because he always was saying â€Å"I don't want you to need any help from anyone except me†. My grandpa had used his cows to sell some of her milk to get money. I took a lot of his character because I really like what he had done in his life. Previously I did not realize anything before I heard my grandfather’s story, but after that I become serious and responsible  about everything especially my family. For instance, how he made his dream, how he was helping everyone, and how his behavior and his personality were. First of all, in that old days everyone had an independent work and no one needed to get any help from others; all of them helped themselves. But obviously if they asked anyone to have what they need they would find everyone beside them. My grandpa is one of the honest people, because he had built his life by himself. He had two jobs at the same time; the first job was milking his cows in the morning to get what his family needed and to bring some clothes and some food. The second job was a seller at the supermarket with his friend's store, therefore, he had earned a lot of money, and he saved for his family in case or start his project or if he dies. By having two jobs at the same time, he was able to provide for his family whilst providing employment to other people in the society. In other words, he played a major role in bringing development in his society. His project was to build a dairy factory. He w as dreaming about building that factory since he was child when he grows up. Indeed, his dream came true, seeing that he was hardworking and a principled man who never stopped until he achieved his goals in life. However, he never stopped working. Actually, he continued and developed that dream to make his company impact some kind of medicines which is the same company for the dairy but another department. I learned from his experiences and from his willingness when he has a small idea how he improves it and how he had never given up. As I have seen from him I will do in the future, because if I keep going and I never give up certainly I will reach my goals. Although, he was busy in the beginning of his life, he was also playing on the popular soccer team in Saudi Arabia. I was always asking him how you can make all these things at the same time and how you were perfect in all that what you had done; he answered me by a useful wisdom â€Å"Love what you are doing, to do what you lo ve." After that, I say to myself why I could not be like this man. In one way or the other, he was very inspiring and he played a key role in modifying my life. Since that time I promise myself to put my goal in front of me and then remind myself about my grandfather’s story, and what he had done. Finally, he had worked at a small column in the newspaper which is a famous newspaper in the Saudi Arabia; he was a big Journalist and wise. At that

Social Psychology - Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Psychology - Social Research - Essay Example People always strive for mastery, which means they try to comprehend and forecast events in the social world in order to obtain encouragement. They enjoy feeling experienced and effective and will do their best to obtain these feelings. And on the contrary they are likely to avoid situations that exclude obtaining them. People are apt to seek connectedness, i.e. they look for support, love, and acceptance from those who surround them. Due to this groups they care about and value usually make people behave in a manner to liking from representatives of such groups. People value "me and mine" that means they wish to see themselves - as well as other people and groups they like - in a positive light. It makes people collect and remember information in the support of this positive motivation, and neglect or simply miss information that proves the opposite (Smith and Mackie, 1995). Each of these principles provides a number of effective tools that can be applied to nearly all spheres of human life to explain the interconnection between a wide variety of factors that influence behavior of an individual or a group.

News Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Article - Essay Example ah’s tribulations began when a villager was incensed when Christian literature earmarked for Sherif Ramses’ store was accidentally delivered to him. Consequently, scores of Christians were rounded up by the Preventative Security Unit (an Islamic militia group), before being incarcerated in the absence of any formal charges, in a Tripoli jail (Morning Star News, March 14, 2013). According to the Morning Star News (March 14, 2013), while in the militia’s custody, Atallah like other Christian prisoners was severely beaten, tortured through electrocution by the militia and denied proper medical treatment by the medical personnel on duty, on March 6. To show for the extent of state apathy, the Libyan government explained away Atallah’s death which occurred on March 10, as having been caused by high blood pressure and collapsing. The embassy of Egypt on the other hand explained Atallah’s death as a culmination of natural causes. Morning Star News, (March 14, 2013) reports that these incidences sparked protests by the Coptic Solidarity, an advocacy group in Washington DC. The caucus demonstrated in front of the Libyan embassy, condemned Atallah’s murder and the failure on Egypt government’s part to defend its citizens, while calling for: the release of all Egyptians who had been charged with evangelization in Libya; and an investigation into Hakim Atallah’s death. The bereaved in Atallah’s murder include an 11-year-old daughter, a 15-year-old son and a widow, Mrs. Ragaa Abdallah. Atallah and his compatriot Ramses ran phone sales business and owned a bookshop which stocked Christian and secular literature, respectively. Apparently, members of the Preventative Security Unit used Ramses’ mobile phone to identify and apprehend other Christians in the area. The news item reveals the challenges of the 21st century faith as being caused by religious intolerance. It is a fact that the state-instigated religious persecution being meted out against

Hardware and Software Specifications Table Assignment

Hardware and Software Specifications Table - Assignment Example But, the need and want of executives to have latest technology on their desk on a consistent basis makes middle and technological management of the company to search for the best alternative and they do not have the option and luxury to misfire because top dollars of the company are usually at the stake in these kinds of matters. Therefore, they always search the local and international market for suitable and reasonable piece of technology that has the power and ability to serve multiple needs and wants of the senior-child of the company. The world of technology is changing rapidly and due to this reason, the companies attempt to acquire latest technology in order to minimize their obsolesce costs in the long run prospective. Nevertheless, it is a common but wrongly enforced belief that the machine that has all the state of the art components is the best. The abovementioned statement is illogical because in most number of cases, we do not require a heuristic machine in all dimension s and we ought to focus on the essentials. The plan that we are going to develop is going to value the essentials and invest in them as well. But, when it comes to nonessentials and luxuries then, we should opt for least expensive items in order to sponsor both efficiency and effectiveness. The technological solution that we are going to propose will sport state of the art video conferencing infrastructure and video cards with a wide screen laptops so that our President and his team should never face a problem in screen viewing while tele communicating. The company’s administration has decided to buy an array of products that can be resold at a reasonable price so that the company can recover some percentage of the cost of items’ depreciation. Moreover, the basic and fundamental purpose of the newly acquired technological intervention is to provide the executive with swift and reliable internet connectivity and experience. The paramount importance will be given to mana ge the cost and benefit of the product so that the notion of efficiency and effectiveness will be well served. Additionally, the focal point of the buying and installing new equipment in the President’s office is a challenge to say the least because it has to conform to the requirements of President’s job while it should also be according to his liking in majority of its features. The man in question is a practicality oriented one and therefore, he always values productivity over showoffs and unproductive investments. Nonetheless, the company’s technical management will look to get a powerful device whose ability to conduct and support video conferencing must be excellent and the price dimension must also be reasonable. The idea is to strike a balance cost and benefit of the product reasonably. Table 1 Hardware Components Input Devices Attributes Associated Org. need Keyboard The standardized laptops featured soft keyed keyboards Create and edit documents in MS office Mouse The company will use external mouse because they are user friendly Create and edit documents in MS office Scanner The state of the art Laser scanners will be acquired Sending documents via emails and saving documents in pdf Digital Camera The 5.0 megapixel cameras will be purchased To take